Update on Overleaf.

cau-ath-fr_i1-0/introduction.tex

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 \section{Introduction}
 \label{sec:introduction}
 The high precision of the next-gen astrophysical x-ray observations which will be preformed by \ac{ATHENA} require a detailed understanding and monitoring of the background signals for the missions main instruments. For previous mission, it has been shown that the majority of the background is caused by particle radiation, mostly protons, electrons and helium particles of the \ac{GCR} \cite{gastaldello-etal-2022}. This correlation is clearly visible in figure \ref{fig:introduction}, presenting the unfocussed background of XMM-Newton as function of the proton flux at 1~GeV observed by SOHO/EPHIN. Any correction of this particle background relies of course on instruments measuring these particle and thus, the uncertainties of those instrument drive the uncertainty of the x-ray telescopes background correction.\newline
-In this project we have proposed, designed and modelled a particle instrument - \ac{AHEPaM} - for the \ac{ATHENA} mission that would provide precise measurements of particle in the energy regime (see figure \ref{fig:introduction}, right) that affects the background of the proposed \ac{ATHENA} x-ray instruments. \newline
+In this project we have proposed, designed and modelled a particle instrument - \ac{AHEPaM} - for the \ac{ATHENA} mission that would provide precise measurements of particle in the energy regime which dominates the background of the proposed \ac{ATHENA} x-ray instruments (see figure \ref{fig:introduction}, right). \newline
-\ac{AHEPaM} is designed with special emphasis on separating electrons and protons in the high-energy range (electrons above tens of MeV, protons in the GeV range). Furthermore the instrument is scoped such that a sufficiently large geometry factor is achieved resulting in sufficient statistical accuracy. Both, the particle separation and the expected statistical uncertainties, have been extensively modeled with respect to the expected \ac{GCR} radiation environment and expected uncertainties for the different particle fluxes are presented for different temporal resolution.\newline
+\ac{AHEPaM} is designed with special emphasis on separating electrons and protons in the high-energy range (electrons above tens of MeV, protons in the GeV range). Furthermore the instrument is scoped such that a sufficiently large geometry factor is achieved resulting in high statistical accuracy for the measured particle fluxes. Both, the particle separation and the expected statistical uncertainties, have been extensively modeled with respect to the expected \ac{GCR} radiation environment and expected uncertainties for the different particle fluxes are presented for different temporal resolutions.\newline
 \ac{AHEPaM} has been also validated to match engineering requirements using mechanical stress simulations as well as a thermal model. \newline
 This report is structured as follows, the basic instrument design including the general setup of the entire instrument and its detectors in particular as well as mechanical, thermal and electronics design features are presented in section \ref{sec:basic-design}, section \ref{sec:performance-analysis} provides detailed calculations of the measurement capabilities of \ac{AHEPaM} with respect to the expected \ac{GCR} radiation field. Thermal and structural analysis are reported in sections \ref{sec:thermal-analysis} and \ref{sec:structural-analysis}, respectively. Sections \ref{sec:trade-off-report} and \ref{sec:technology-assessment} discuss technological trade-offs and assessment with special emphasis on whether or not a Cherenkov detector should be used in the \ac{AHEPaM} instrument. A brief summary is given in section \ref{sec:summary}.
 \begin{figure}[!b]

cau-ath-fr_i1-0/summary.tex

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 \section{Summary}
 \label{sec:summary}
-comprehensive introduction of the context, a description of the programme of
+The \ac{AHEPaM} is proposed to serve as a particle instrument on \ac{ATHENA}, monitoring precisely the high-energy particle fluxes of electrons, protons and helium particles which dominate the background signal of x-ray telescopes. The instrument is designed as a stack of \acp{SSD} which allow for the measurement of differential energy-losses of traversing particles as well as defining the view-cone of the instrument. These detectors are complemented by two \ac{BGO} scintillators in-between the \acp{SSD} which provide sufficient stopping power for lower energetic particles and improve electron-proton separation due to electro-magnetic shower caused by electrons in the heavy \ac{BGO}. Furthermore, a trade-off analysis for adding two Cherenkov-detectors to the \ac{SSD} stack has been performed. The Cherenkov-detectors would improve particle separation (especially electron vs. proton identification) while introducing further technical complexity to the instrument due to the necessarity of \acp{PMT} and their high-voltage. The measurement uncertainties (both statistic and systematic) that are to be expected from the proposed instrument in the \ac{GCR} radiation field have been calculated and are presented for different temporal resolutions and measurement modes. For instance, \ac{AHEPaM} can achieve flux uncertainties down to 1.2\%  for five protons channels based on a 10ks time resolution and to 2.5\% for two electron channels based on a 100ks time resolution. \newline
-work and report on the activities performed and the main results achieve
+Structural and thermal modelling has also shown that while being challenging, the engineering requirements can definitively be met by the proposed instrument.
+
+

cau-ath-sr_i1-0/introduction.tex

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 \section{Introduction}
 \label{sec:introduction}
 The high precision of the next-gen astrophysical x-ray observations which will be preformed by \ac{ATHENA} require a detailed understanding and monitoring of the background signals for the missions main instruments. For previous mission, it has been shown that the majority of the background is caused by particle radiation, mostly protons, electrons and helium particles of the \ac{GCR} \cite{gastaldello-etal-2022}. This correlation is clearly visible in figure \ref{fig:introduction}, presenting the unfocussed background of XMM-Newton as function of the proton flux at 1~GeV observed by SOHO/EPHIN. Any correction of this particle background relies of course on instruments measuring these particle and thus, the uncertainties of those instrument drive the uncertainty of the x-ray telescopes background correction.\newline
-In this project we have proposed, designed and modelled a particle instrument - \ac{AHEPaM} - for the \ac{ATHENA} mission that would provide precise measurements of particle in the energy regime (see figure \ref{fig:introduction}, right) that affects the background of the proposed \ac{ATHENA} x-ray instruments. \newline
+In this project we have proposed, designed and modelled a particle instrument - \ac{AHEPaM} - for the \ac{ATHENA} mission that would provide precise measurements of particle in the energy regime which dominates the background of the proposed \ac{ATHENA} x-ray instruments (see figure \ref{fig:introduction}, right). \newline
-\ac{AHEPaM} is designed with special emphasis on separating electrons and protons in the high-energy range (electrons above tens of MeV, protons in the GeV range). Furthermore the instrument is scoped such that a sufficiently large geometry factor is achieved resulting in sufficient statistical accuracy. Both, the particle separation and the expected statistical uncertainties, have been extensively modeled with respect to the expected \ac{GCR} radiation environment and expected uncertainties for the different particle fluxes are presented for different temporal resolution.\newline
+\ac{AHEPaM} is designed with special emphasis on separating electrons and protons in the high-energy range (electrons above tens of MeV, protons in the GeV range). Furthermore the instrument is scoped such that a sufficiently large geometry factor is achieved resulting in high statistical accuracy for the measured particle fluxes. Both, the particle separation and the expected statistical uncertainties, have been extensively modeled with respect to the expected \ac{GCR} radiation environment and expected uncertainties for the different particle fluxes are presented for different temporal resolutions.\newline
 \ac{AHEPaM} has been also validated to match engineering requirements using mechanical stress simulations as well as a thermal model. \newline
 This report is structured as follows, the basic instrument design including the general setup of the entire instrument and its detectors in particular as well as mechanical, thermal and electronics design features are presented in section \ref{sec:basic-design}, section \ref{sec:performance-analysis} provides detailed calculations of the measurement capabilities of \ac{AHEPaM} with respect to the expected \ac{GCR} radiation field. Section  \ref{sec:trade-off-report} discusses technological assessment with special emphasis on whether or not a Cherenkov detector should be used in the \ac{AHEPaM} instrument. A brief summary is given in section \ref{sec:summary}.
 \begin{figure}[!b]

cau-ath-sr_i1-0/summary.tex

@@ -1,2 +1,6 @@
 \section{Summary}
 \label{sec:summary}
+The \ac{AHEPaM} is proposed to serve as a particle instrument on \ac{ATHENA}, monitoring precisely the high-energy particle fluxes of electrons, protons and helium particles which dominate the background signal of x-ray telescopes. The instrument is designed as a stack of \acp{SSD} which allow for the measurement of differential energy-losses of traversing particles as well as defining the view-cone of the instrument. These detectors are complemented by two \ac{BGO} scintillators in-between the \acp{SSD} which provide sufficient stopping power for lower energetic particles and improve electron-proton separation due to electro-magnetic shower caused by electrons in the heavy \ac{BGO}. Furthermore, a trade-off analysis for adding two Cherenkov-detectors to the \ac{SSD} stack has been performed. The Cherenkov-detectors would improve particle separation (especially electron vs. proton identification) while introducing further technical complexity to the instrument due to the necessarity of \acp{PMT} and their high-voltage. The measurement uncertainties (both statistic and systematic) that are to be expected from the proposed instrument in the \ac{GCR} radiation field have been calculated and are presented for different temporal resolutions and measurement modes. For instance, \ac{AHEPaM} can achieve flux uncertainties down to 1.2\%  for five protons channels based on a 10ks time resolution and to 2.5\% for two electron channels based on a 100ks time resolution. \newline
+Structural and thermal modelling has also shown that while being challenging, the engineering requirements can definitively be met by the proposed instrument.
+
+